Somnambulism, commonly known as sleepwalking, is a type of parasomnia — an abnormal behavior that occurs during sleep. It involves performing complex behaviors, such as walking, talking, or carrying out other activities, while remaining in a state of sleep. The person is typically unresponsive to their surroundings, has blank or glassy eyes, and has no memory of the episode upon waking. Sleepwalking occurs most commonly during the deep stages of non-REM sleep (slow-wave sleep), typically in the first third of the night. Episodes can last from a few seconds to half an hour and can range from simple movements such as sitting up in bed to more complex activities such as dressing, eating, leaving the house, or even driving a vehicle. Attempting to wake a sleepwalker is generally safe, though they may be confused or disoriented upon waking. Sleepwalking is particularly common in children and tends to diminish with age, though it can persist into or begin in adulthood. Risk factors include sleep deprivation, irregular sleep schedules, fever, stress, alcohol consumption, certain medications, and a family history of sleepwalking (it has a strong genetic component). Sleepwalking can pose significant safety risks, as the individual may injure themselves by walking into furniture, falling down stairs, or leaving the home. Ensuring a safe sleep environment — such as securing doors and windows, removing obstacles, and using safety gates — is important for those who sleepwalk regularly. If sleepwalking is frequent, dangerous, or significantly disruptive, medical evaluation is recommended. Treatment may include addressing underlying triggers, improving sleep hygiene, or in some cases medication.